Transcript·文字實(shí)錄

馮欣：感謝您收看《解析中國(guó)》的特別節(jié)目。在過去的11天里，我和同事們?cè)诒本﹫?bào)道中國(guó)的“兩會(huì)”。兩會(huì)指的是全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)，簡(jiǎn)稱“人大”，以及中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議，簡(jiǎn)稱“政協(xié)”。來自全國(guó)各地的上千位代表聚集在北京，參加這兩個(gè)被公認(rèn)為中國(guó)每年最重要的政治活動(dòng)。代表和委員們討論議案和提案，以及各種社會(huì)和法律問題。

Feng Xin: Thanks for joining me for the special episode of Digest China. Over the past 11 days, my colleagues and I were covering China's two annual sessions, or "lianghui", in Beijing. The two sessions included the National People's Congress, or the NPC, and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, or the CPPCC. Thousands of representatives from all over the country gathered in Beijing for what are considered China's most important annual political events. The officials discuss bills and proposals, as well as various legislative and social issues.

馮欣：如果你想更多地了解兩會(huì)如何運(yùn)行，我們制作了一個(gè)動(dòng)畫短片，解答一些最常見的問題。你可以點(diǎn)擊“往期節(jié)目”里的“解析中國(guó)‘兩會(huì)’”來觀看。

Feng Xin: If you want to know more about how the two sessions function, we made a short animated video answering some of the most frequently asked questions. You can watch it by clicking on our previous show: What are China's two sessions?

馮欣：我們采訪了幾十位人大代表和政協(xié)委員，精選了八段我們認(rèn)為最能夠代表兩會(huì)話題的采訪片段。

Feng Xin: We have interviewed dozens of NPC deputies and CPPCC members. We invite you to watch eight interview segments we think best represent the topics discussed during the political events.

馮欣：今年全國(guó)人大會(huì)議的一項(xiàng)主要議程是審議《刑事訴訟法修正案（草案）》，草案對(duì)現(xiàn)行法律110個(gè)條文做出了修改?，F(xiàn)行的刑事訴訟法于1979年制定，1996年修訂。十六年過去了，現(xiàn)在做出了哪些修改？

Feng Xin: One of the main items on this year's NPC agenda was a review of the draft amendment to China's Criminal Procedure Law. There are revisions to 110 articles in the current law, which was enacted in 1979 and last revised in 1996. Sixteen years have passed. What have been changed?

宋魚水：刑訴法的修改最重要的是懲治犯罪和保障人權(quán)并重，我覺得這兩點(diǎn)是非常重要的。比如說懲治犯罪，懲治犯罪最重要的一個(gè)核心在于證據(jù)制度。我們有一個(gè)非常完整的證據(jù)制度才能夠保證有罪的犯罪嫌疑人能夠得到應(yīng)有的懲罰。同時(shí)無罪的也應(yīng)該得到應(yīng)有的保障，罪與非罪之間，還有量刑之間。

Song Yushui: I think the most important change is that the amendment attaches equal importance to punishing crimes and protecting human rights. I think these are two key parts. In terms of punishing crimes, the evidentiary system is fundamental. We need to have a complete evidentiary system to make sure suspects who are indeed guilty receive the punishment they deserve and innocent people are protected at the same time. It plays a key role in conviction and penalty.

宋魚水：那么在這個(gè)過程中，刑事訴訟法最大的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)是鼓勵(lì)證人積極出庭作證，同時(shí)如果是不出庭的，也采取一些相應(yīng)的制裁措施。在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上，加大了保障尊重人權(quán)的力度，也就是說，即使是犯罪嫌疑人，他的權(quán)力如何得到程序上的保護(hù)，我覺得做了很大的規(guī)定。

Song Yushui: One of the highlights of the drafted amendment is that it encourages witnesses to appear in court to testify. If a witness fails to appear in court, the court may compel him or her to do so. In addition, the drafted amendment puts more emphasis on protecting human rights. That is to say, even if someone is a criminal suspect, his or her rights need to be guaranteed procedurally. The drafted amendment includes a lot of specific requirements.

宋魚水：這次刑事訴訟法還有一點(diǎn)，就是死刑制度，死刑制度實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的死刑原則。當(dāng)然在這個(gè)制度上一直有兩種觀點(diǎn)，有的人希望廢除死刑，但是我覺得在我們國(guó)家，絕對(duì)的廢除死刑還是不太現(xiàn)實(shí)的。國(guó)情很大，也很復(fù)雜，人也很多，但是盡量的謹(jǐn)慎，我覺得這個(gè)還是值得的。

Song Yushui: One more highlight is on the death penalty. The drafted amendment puts forth strict death sentence principles. Obviously there have always been two sides of views on the death penalty. Some think we should abolish capital punishment. But I think so far in our country absolute abolishment of death sentences is not quite realistic because of the complexity of our country and the huge population. However, we need to be as cautious as possible (when using capital punishment). I think this is necessary.

馮欣：自中央和各地方政府出臺(tái)房地產(chǎn)限購(gòu)政策已有一年多，限購(gòu)令的目的是抑制房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)投資過熱并降低房?jī)r(jià)。3月5日，國(guó)務(wù)院總理在《政府工作報(bào)告》中說，2012年，政府將繼續(xù)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行房地產(chǎn)的調(diào)控政策并基本建成500萬(wàn)套保障性住房。這些政策到底意味著什么？

Feng Xin: It's been more than a year since the central and local governments in China imposed restrictive purchase policies in various cities. The purpose was to discourage overinvestment in the real estate market and bring down property prices. On March 5, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in his Government Work Report that the government will continue to regulate the real estate market and complete 5 million units of low-income housing in 2012. What do all these policies mean?

王健林：中央調(diào)控有兩句話，一是防止房地產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，促進(jìn)實(shí)業(yè)發(fā)展，就是使資金從房地產(chǎn)撤回來，回歸實(shí)業(yè)，這是一個(gè)目標(biāo)。第二個(gè)叫做保障民生。保障民生目前只是提了一個(gè)口號(hào)，建保障房。但是我從了解中央政策來看，保障房到十二五末期，目標(biāo)也只保障20%的人。但是實(shí)際上有住房需求又不能完全買到很好房子的這個(gè)人群，不是20%, 應(yīng)該是百分之六七十，那就意味著還有百分之四十、五十的人群不能通過保障房獲得住房圓住房夢(mèng)，必須通過商品房市場(chǎng)來買房。那么對(duì)于中等收入這部分人的保障，如何惠及民生？我覺得應(yīng)該恢復(fù)原來優(yōu)惠貸款利率。

Wang Jianlin: The central government's policies have two sentences: The first sentence is "preventing real estate risks and boosting industrial development". This means withdrawing investment from real estate and relocating it in industries. That's one goal. The second sentence is "safeguarding people's livelihood", but so far it's only been about building low-income housing. As far as I understand the policies, the goal is to guarantee that 20% of the urban population will be living in low-income houses by the end of 2015. However, the number of people who have actual demand to buy houses but cannot afford to do so is far more than 20%. They probably account for 60% or 70%. This means 40% or 50% of (those) people are not able to own a house through the low-income housing system. They have to buy commodity housing. So how can the middle-income people's livelihood be guaranteed? I think we should revert to the old prime rate.

王健林：我覺得今年整體，簡(jiǎn)單一句話形容，今年房?jī)r(jià)全國(guó)是穩(wěn)中有降。首先從前兩個(gè)月看，全國(guó)70個(gè)大中城市全部環(huán)比止?jié)q，這70個(gè)城市占全國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的百分之八十以上。全國(guó)雖然有2000多個(gè)縣城，600多個(gè)城市，但是這70個(gè)城市基本就是中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)的絕大部分。所以這70個(gè)城市控制好，基本上全國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)就穩(wěn)定了。這70個(gè)城市前兩個(gè)月已經(jīng)環(huán)比止?jié)q，那么再加上今年房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控不動(dòng)搖，再加上貨幣只增長(zhǎng)14%，還是適度從緊這么一個(gè)態(tài)勢(shì)，再加上預(yù)期改變——不管是開發(fā)商還是購(gòu)房者對(duì)房?jī)r(jià)漲的預(yù)期改變，這三層作用力綜合起來，我認(rèn)為全年房?jī)r(jià)肯定是穩(wěn)中有降的。

Wang Jianlin: My prediction for this year can be summarized in one sentence: Housing prices around China will be stable with slight decline. First, if we look at the first two months, the linked relative ratio of housing prices in 70 major Chinese cities all stopped rising. These 70 cities account for more than 80% of China's real estate market. Although China has more than 2,000 counties and 600 cities, these 70 cities make up most of China's real estate market. So if the housing prices in these 70 cities are controlled well, China's real estate market is basically stable. The 70 cities' linked relative ratio has already stopped rising. The central government's restrictive policies remain firm. The currency value only goes up 14%, still keeping appropriately tight. Plus people's expectations are changing – both real estate developers' and consumers' expectations are changing – when these three forces unite, I think housing prices will definitely be stable with slight decline this year.

馮欣：根據(jù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)，2011年中國(guó)大約有1.5億離家外出務(wù)工的農(nóng)民，很多人不得不把自己的妻子留在鄉(xiāng)下，這些留守婦女的生活要面臨哪些困難和挑戰(zhàn)？

Feng Xin: According to China's National Bureau of Statistics, about 150 million migrant workers left home to work in other provinces in 2011. Many had to leave their wives behind in the countryside. What challenges and difficulties do these women face in life?

甄硯：就我們的了解，大概有4000多萬(wàn)這樣的婦女在農(nóng)村，守著土地，守著家庭，守著孩子和老人。比如說她們生產(chǎn)農(nóng)忙的時(shí)候，覺得沒有人幫忙，會(huì)比較艱辛。然后她們?cè)诜謸?dān)家務(wù)的時(shí)候，沒有人幫著她們來承擔(dān)，所以她們會(huì)比較勞累。她們?cè)诮逃⒆拥膯栴}上，常常是一個(gè)人來面對(duì)，所以比較焦慮。在對(duì)待老人的贍養(yǎng)中，她們的負(fù)擔(dān)也是比較重的。

Zhen Yan: As far as we know, there are about 40 million 'left-behind' women in the countryside, taking care of the land, the family, the children and the elderly people. They often face hardships during busy seasons when no one is there to help. They can often get very tired when they have to take care of all the house work without any help. When educating children, they are also on their own and can get very anxious. In terms of supporting elderly parents, their burden is heavy, too.

甄硯：當(dāng)然還有一個(gè)很重要的就是你提到的問題，關(guān)于安全問題。我們了解到農(nóng)村婦女，比如說家里失盜，牛被偷了，一些重要的物件被偷了。還有一個(gè)就是受到性騷擾，這樣的問題也有。另外特別值得我們重視的一個(gè)問題，就是有一些留守的女童遭到了一些性侵犯，我覺得這是我們堅(jiān)決要進(jìn)行遏制的。

Zhen Yan: Of course, there's the issue you just mentioned, which is about their safety. We have learned that these women are often victims of burglary. For example, their cows are stolen, and important items get stolen. Another thing is sexual harassment. There are such issues. We also have to pay attention to some left-behind girls who were sexually molested. I think we need to curb such cases with determination.

馮欣：云南省連續(xù)三年遭受嚴(yán)重干旱，據(jù)云南省民政廳統(tǒng)計(jì)，截止到今年2月，超過230萬(wàn)人飲水困難，超過630萬(wàn)人生活受到影響，以省會(huì)昆明市為例，現(xiàn)在的情況有多糟？

Feng Xin: Yunnan province in southwest China has been experiencing a severe drought for three consecutive years. According to Yunnan's Bureau of Civil Affairs, as of February 2012 more than 2.3 million people are having difficulty accessing drinking water, and more than 6.3 million people have been affected. Take its capital city Kunming as an example. How bad is the situation right now?

張祖林：三年就降了兩年的雨，到現(xiàn)在為止，我們?nèi)袔?kù)塘蓄水，從去年秋季以來到現(xiàn)在，就是靠一半不到的水量維持著我們城鄉(xiāng)居民的生產(chǎn)和生活，所以這個(gè)水是用一滴少一滴。到現(xiàn)在為止，我們主要城鄉(xiāng)飲用水源的水利設(shè)施，它的蓄水量，如果我們精打細(xì)算，大家節(jié)約水資源的話，勉強(qiáng)能夠使用到5月中下旬，也就是雨季到來的時(shí)候。如果我們浪費(fèi)水，不節(jié)約用水，估計(jì)到5月中下旬都堅(jiān)持不到，很可能就會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的水荒。

Zhang Zulin: (Yunnan) only had two years worth of rain in three years. The water storage in our city's reservoirs has been at less than half (the total capacity) since last fall. Kunming's city and rural residents have been relying on a limited amount of water for living and production. So when a drop of water is used, there is one less. By far, the water storage in our reservoirs - if we tighten our belt - may sustain us until the middle of May when the rain season comes, but it could be difficult. If we waste water, we can barely make it until mid May. There will be serious water famine.

馮欣：在2011年12月舉行的中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議上，中央政府立志要改善中國(guó)中小企業(yè)的生存環(huán)境，而這個(gè)會(huì)議通常為下一年中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展定下基調(diào)。很多人大代表和政協(xié)委員在今年的兩會(huì)中再次提出這個(gè)問題，中國(guó)的中小企業(yè)到底面臨怎樣的困難？政府怎樣做才能改善它們的生存環(huán)境？

Feng Xin: At its annual Central Economic Work Conference in December 2011, the Chinese government vowed to improve the business environment for China's small-to-medium sized entrepreneurs. The conference usually sets the tone for China's economic development next year. Many NPC deputies and CPPCC members brought up this issue again during this year's two sessions. What exactly are the difficulties China's small-to-medium sized companies have to face? What can the government do to make their business environment better?

朱成鋼：中小企業(yè)因?yàn)樵谖覀儑?guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展當(dāng)中起了非常重要的作用，它對(duì)GDP的貢獻(xiàn)是50%，但是它最大的貢獻(xiàn)是在就業(yè)，它有90%多的就業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)率。但是最近幾年，中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展也確實(shí)碰到了很多困難，中小企業(yè)現(xiàn)在很大的問題，比如說貸款難的問題，主要我覺得還是不同所有制的地位能不能平等的問題。那么因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在銀行貸款給中小企業(yè)，同貸款給國(guó)有企業(yè)，它是兩個(gè)不同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。貸款給國(guó)有企業(yè)，它僅僅是業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是貸款給中小企業(yè)和民營(yíng)企業(yè)，除了業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)還有道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。所以在這樣的情況下，銀行當(dāng)然對(duì)于中小企業(yè)貸款會(huì)有很大的顧慮。

Zhu Chenggang: Small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) have played a very important role in our economic development. They contribute 50% of the GDP. But their biggest contribution is in creating jobs, making up 90% of the employment. But in recent years, SMEs have encountered many difficulties in their development. One major difficulty lies in getting bank loans. I think it's mainly due to the inequality embedded in different natures of ownership. Banks face two different risks when lending money to State-owned enterprises and SMEs. Banks only face business risks when lending money to the former. However, they have to face both business risks as well as moral hazard when lending money to the latter. Under such circumstances, it's natural for banks to be reluctant to lend money to SMEs.

朱成鋼：第二，中小企業(yè)為什么現(xiàn)在生存比較困難？現(xiàn)在各地的政府直接參與微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)比較多，所以政府現(xiàn)在是微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中的主體。那么作為主體，它天然就有一種追求先進(jìn)、追求擴(kuò)大的、擴(kuò)張的內(nèi)在沖動(dòng)，所以如果政府作為第一經(jīng)濟(jì)體，它肯定去追求大企業(yè)。

Zhu Chenggang: Secondly, it's very common for local governments to directly participate in local economies, so governments are the main players. As a result, they have a natural incentive to expand their businesses. If they are the lead players in economic activities, they must pursue big enterprises.

朱成鋼：第三是我們現(xiàn)在追求的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)也有一些需要修正的地方，所謂經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)，各地政府實(shí)際上是追求GDP和稅收。如果我們把追求就業(yè)作為政府的第一目標(biāo)，中小企業(yè)的就業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)是最大的，但它的稅收貢獻(xiàn)很少，所以政府的選擇——在這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)下——肯定選擇大企業(yè)。所以這些深層次的問題如果不解決，中小企業(yè)的生存困境就很難得到根本的改善。

Zhu Chenggang: Thirdly, we need to amend some of the economic objectives we pursue. In terms of economic objectives, local governments, in fact, want GDP and revenue. However, if we make creating employment opportunities the government's number one goal, SMEs make the largest contribution, even though they don't contribute much to revenue. Given such economic objectives, it's natural that governments prefer big enterprises. If these deeply rooted problems are not solved, it's hard to improve SMEs' business environment.

馮欣：第十一屆全國(guó)人大2011年10月宣布，將反家庭暴力的法律列入2011年立法工作計(jì)劃預(yù)備項(xiàng)目，現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行立項(xiàng)論證。2009年香港特別行政區(qū)通過了《家庭與同居關(guān)系暴力條例》。當(dāng)時(shí)香港的立法者都經(jīng)歷過哪些爭(zhēng)論？有哪些立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以供大陸分享？

Feng Xin: The 11th National People's Congress announced in October 2011 that it would consider introducing legislation on domestic violence; lawmakers are currently researching and investigating that possibility. In 2009, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passed its Domestic and Cohabitation Relationships Violence Ordinance. What were some of the controversies Hong Kong lawmakers debated? What legislative experiences can the Chinese mainland share?

陳婉嫻：在這個(gè)過程當(dāng)中，有兩個(gè)很大的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，就是婚姻的定義在哪里。如果婚姻可以以異性為主的，還是同性也行的嗎？這個(gè)是一個(gè)很大的爭(zhēng)議。另外一個(gè)爭(zhēng)議就是有關(guān)保障的范圍，父母、老人家也是否包在里面嗎？?jī)和矐?yīng)該包在里面吧。這也是很大的爭(zhēng)議。我覺得在傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)人里面，一般是家丑不往外傳，你要沖破這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的概念，是很重要的一步。我認(rèn)為任何家里總有事情發(fā)生，這個(gè)問題就是如何解決家里不能處理的問題。起碼我立個(gè)法，去影響任何準(zhǔn)備施暴的人士一個(gè)警戒，讓他們不要亂來。

Chan Yuen-han: During the process, there were two main arguments. What's the definition of marriage? Does it have to be between two people of the opposite sex? Or can it be between people with the same sex? This was a big argument. Another was about the scope of the law. Are parents and the elderly included in the law? Or maybe children should be included, as well. This was also a main argument. I think in traditional Chinese culture, people don't wash their dirty laundry in public. It's important to break up the traditional concept. I believe any family can have issues. The key question is how to solve problems that cannot be solved behind closed doors. If we have legislation it can at least warn those who are about to commit violence, telling them to step back.

馮欣：根據(jù)媒體報(bào)道，中國(guó)幾個(gè)省最近宣布要推行一項(xiàng)措施，讓艾滋病檢測(cè)者提供他們的真實(shí)姓名，這項(xiàng)提議立即引起了爭(zhēng)議。艾滋病實(shí)名檢測(cè)究竟有何利弊？

Feng Xin: According to media reports, several Chinese provinces recently announced plans to implement a policy asking people who take an HIV test to provide their names. Such proposals invited immediate debate. What are the pros and cons of real-name HIV testing?

邵一鳴：我們知道艾滋病是一個(gè)飽受歧視的疾病，在我們的社會(huì)仍存在很多對(duì)艾滋病的歧視。你可以想象，艾滋病實(shí)名檢測(cè)會(huì)引起很多擔(dān)憂，但事實(shí)上，任何事都有兩面性，對(duì)于匿名檢測(cè)，它可以更好地保障感染者不被識(shí)別和歧視。但是醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)不能掌握他們的情況，政府也就不知道真實(shí)的疫情。在我們現(xiàn)行的艾滋病防治工作中，我們總是將預(yù)防和治療結(jié)合在一起，如果不知道病人的身份，我們就很難為他們提供治療和咨詢，由于治療是一件終生的事，你得知道這些人，他們?cè)谀睦?，才能給他們送去藥物，所以這是一把雙刃劍。

Shao Yiming: You know AIDS is a stigmatized disease. So in society there is still a lot of discrimination against AIDS. You can imagine real-name testing will cause a lot of concerns. Actually, any (issue) has two sides. For anonymous testing, it provides a better guarantee for the infected people to not be identified (and) not be discriminated against. But the health agencies do not know them. And the governments do not know the real epidemic figure. And in the current AIDS control and prevention, you always combine prevention with treatment and care. So without knowing the people's identity, it is difficult to provide the care, counseling and treatment for them. Because the treatment is life-long, you have to know the people–where they are, send them drugs regularly. So it's a double-edged sword.

邵一鳴：但是我們現(xiàn)在推行的政策，初步檢測(cè)仍然是匿名的，你不需要提供姓名來做HIV病毒檢測(cè)。實(shí)名檢測(cè)只是在第二個(gè)階段——確診階段，給你提供確診報(bào)告，并將你與治療機(jī)構(gòu)牽線的階段，我們鼓勵(lì)病人提供真實(shí)姓名。

Shao Yiming: But the policy currently implemented in China is that screening tests are still anonymous, so you don't need to tell your name to do an HIV test. It's only at the second stage to confirm the diagnosis, providing you with a diagnosis document and then linking you with care and treatment. At that stage we encourage patients to be identified.

馮欣：3月11日，最高人民法院院長(zhǎng)王勝俊向代表和委員做了工作報(bào)告，他在報(bào)告中說2011年各地法院共審結(jié)了278件食品犯罪案件，判處罪犯320人。在上期《解析中國(guó)》的民意調(diào)查中，我們的觀眾將食品安全列為他們最關(guān)注的問題。那么政府怎樣做才能讓我們的食品更安全呢？

Feng Xin: On March 11, the president of the Supreme People's Court, Wang Shengjun, gave his annual work report to NPC deputies and CPPCC members. He said courts around China brought 278 food-safety cases to trial and convicted 320 suspects in 2011. In a Digest China poll we posted along our last show, our viewers ranked food safety as the most concerning issue. What can the government do to make our food safer?

雷曉凌：我們現(xiàn)在從檢測(cè)能力和力度來說，跟國(guó)外比并不差，因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在很多需要檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目，基本上也都檢測(cè)了。另外我們抽測(cè)的頻率，也就是樣品量，也不算少，我們監(jiān)管人員比別人還多，所以我覺得食品安全出現(xiàn)的問題，可能還是在于懲罰力度需要提高，再就是需要建立一個(gè)社會(huì)的誠(chéng)信信用體系。現(xiàn)在其實(shí)我們食品還是存在多層管理，我們說一個(gè)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，農(nóng)業(yè)部門來檢測(cè)，我們還有一些水產(chǎn)品，還有一些漁業(yè)部門，漁業(yè)體系統(tǒng)也有一個(gè)檢測(cè)的部門，可能這里也存在一個(gè)責(zé)任不是很明確的問題。所以我們也是在呼吁是不是可以整合一些精華部門，包括檢測(cè)部門，可能會(huì)更有效提高食品的監(jiān)管力度。

Lei Xiaoling: In terms of our testing ability and degree of enforcement, we are not really behind other countries. Pretty much all the required items are being tested. Also, the frequency of our sampling test–the size of the sample isn't small. We have more supervision personnel than other countries have. Therefore, I think food safety problems probably have a lot to do with the severity of punishment. It needs to be made harsher. We also need to establish a social credit system. In fact, the administration of food is many-headed. For example, agricultural products are supervised by agricultural departments. Aquatic products are supervised by fishery departments. There might be problems with unclear responsibilities. So we are trying to convince the government to integrate some key departments, including testing institutions. Then we can improve the efficiency in the supervision of our food safety.

馮欣：這就是這一期的特別節(jié)目，感謝收看。

Feng Xin: That's your special episode of Digest China. Thanks for watching.

Archive · 往期

Watching China’s budget
解析中國(guó)預(yù)算

How can ordinary people make sense of China's budget?
普通人如何能弄懂中國(guó)的預(yù)算？

What makes it difficult for graduates to find jobs?
大學(xué)生就業(yè)難，難在哪？

Why do we often hear stories about college graduates unable to find jobs? -- 為什么我們經(jīng)常聽到畢業(yè)生找不到工作的事？

Does China have enough jobs for college graduates?招工難，難在哪？

What makes it difficult for employers to recruit enough workers? And what makes it difficult for job seekers to find such employers? 是什么造成了用人單位的“招工難”？又是什么讓求職者難以找到這些雇主？

Does China have enough money to fund its pensioners?
中國(guó)有沒有足夠的養(yǎng)老錢？

How much money can we receive after we retire? At what age should we start planning our retirement? 退休后我們到底能領(lǐng)多少錢？到什么年齡應(yīng)該計(jì)劃養(yǎng)老問題？

Should Chinese people retire later?
中國(guó)人是否應(yīng)該晚退休？

In what social context is the government’s proposal to push back China's retirement age rooted? 6月5日，人力資源和社會(huì)保障部提出，未來會(huì)逐步將退休年齡推遲五年。這樣做有什么深層的社會(huì)原因？

Illegal immigrants: China's rise as a land of opportunity?
“三非”外國(guó)人：中國(guó)成為機(jī)會(huì)之地？

Is the increase of incidents involving illegal immigrants a symbol of China's rise as a land of opportunity? -- "三非"外國(guó)人日益增多，是否意味著中國(guó)成為機(jī)會(huì)的土壤？

Legislating domestic violence in China: Concepts - 中國(guó)反家庭暴力立法：概念

Digest China explores the concept of domestic violence and the difficulty in proving it. 本期探討“家庭暴力”這個(gè)概念的本身和取證的困難。

Legislating domestic violence in China: Obstacles - 中國(guó)反家庭暴力立法：難點(diǎn)

Digest China explores some decade-long obstacles and difficulties in the process. 本期《解析中國(guó)》探討中國(guó)反家庭暴力立法進(jìn)程中長(zhǎng)期存在的阻力和分歧。